Beauty
is a difficult question for discussion, because so many people - so many
opinions. Beauty can be in all things that surrounds us and all it depends
from us, but many people can't see it.
Beauty
is in art, music, architecture, painting, in people, in nature and in other
things.
Let's
take human's beauty. Women and man can be beauty. There are special
performances about them. We must distinguish beautiful and attractive people.
Not only appearance is important (cool and modern clothes), but also good
traits of character. I mean the beauty of the inner world.
Terrorism is a premeditated, politically motivated violence, aimed on
civilians and carried out by sub-national groups. It usually takes the form of
bombing, shooting, hijacking, hostage capture and assassinations.
It may
sound strange but terrorism as a phenomenon existed even in Ancient Greece.
First known terroristic act was setting Arthemida's temple on fire, that took
place in the year 356 B.C. and was made by a man called Gerostratus. But at
that time such acts were an exception, not a rule.
Things
first changed when the sea piracy came to the period of temporary
legalization. Then it had some traits of the "classical" terrorism, for
example the pirates could act as mercenaries, and a huge fleet of hired
pirates' ships could be a major threat for most cities and fortresses at that
time. This was often used then for existing political pressure on hostile
countries.
The
people of Western Europe were all Roman Catholics, but by AD 1500, many were
unhappy with the way the Church was being run. The Popes and many of the
priests seemed interested only in wealth and power and set a bad example in
the way they lived their lives. This led to a movement, which became known as
the "Reformation", to change and reform the Christian Church. People who
joined the movement were called "Protestants" because they were protesting
about things that they thought were wrong.
In 1517 a
German monk called Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 complaints about the
Church and the way priests behaved, to the door of Wittenberg church in
Germany.
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Religion
Unit I
Religion
Ex. 1. Read the text and
discuss it with your partner
PEOPLE
BELIEVE
Many religions exist on our
planet. Among them there is Christianity, the Orthodox, Buddhism, Islam,
Judaism and others. But God is unique for every confession.
The science says that there
are physical laws that govern the physical universe. The Church says that
there are spiritual laws which govern our relationship with God.
The universe, the world and
man came into existence in the beginning when God created heaven and earth and
all creatures. The Bible presents a true and historical account of Creation.
Man was created by God in his
own image. He was created perfectly and without sin. Man can talk with God by
praying with his mouth or simply his heart since God knows man's heart.
Передвижники - художники,
входившие в российское демократическое художественное объединение "Товарищество
передвижных художественных выставок" (ТПХВ), созданное в 1870 г. по инициативе
И. Крамского, Г. Мясоедова, Н. Ге и В. Перова. Первая выставка состоялась в
1871 г. Передвижники испытали воздействие общественных и эстетических взглядов
В. Белинского и Н. Чернышевского. Большую роль в формировании их творческой
программы сыграл критик В. Стасов. П. Третьяков материально поддерживал
передвижников, приобретая их произведения для своей галереи. Передвижники были
убежденными реалистами, а выдвинутая ими программа народности искусства
выражалась в изображении типических сторон и многогранных характеров
социальной жизни, часто с критической тенденцией ("Земство обедает" Г.
Мясоедова, 1872 г, "Встреча иконы" К. Савицкого, 1878 г.). Передвижники
показывают не только бедность, но и красоту народного быта ("Приход колдуна на
крестьянскую свадьбу" В Максимова, 1875 г.), не только страдание, но и
стойкость перед лицом жизненных невзгод, мужество и силу характеров
A. Venetsianov (1780-1847) didn’t come of a family of
artists, neither did he study at the Academy of Fine Arts. Actually a
self-taught artist, he became a leader of a whole school of Russian painters.
He contributed to the history of Russian culture much that was new and
original. In fact, his creations marked the birth of Russian genre and
landscape painting. There are the most outstanding productions of this master
Social Problems Through Art and Children in Russian
Painting
Bogdanov-Belsky Nikolai Petrovich
Nikolai Bogdanov-Belsky was born in the province of
Smolensk into a peasant family. From 1884 to 1889 he studied at the Moscow
School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture under Makovsky, Polenov and
Pryanishnikov. From 1890 onwards he exhibited with the Itinerants, and in 1895
became a member of the Society for Circulating Art Exhibitions.
Bogdanov-Belsky had a particular liking for depicting peasants, especially
peasant children. His generally acclaimed paintings devoted to village school
life are "Oral Reckoning at Rachinsky’s People’s school” (1903).
Bogdanov-Belsky painted a serious of portraits of eminent figures of
contemporary Russian culture, among them the pedagogue, professor Rachinsky
(1903), the artist Borhm, the historian and bibliographer Barsukov (1902),
Fiodor Shaliapin (1916) and Maxim Gorky (1940).
